不同来源豆渣不溶性膳食纤维结构及理化性质比较

赵晨皓; 刘文豪; 李博; 王赛男; 于寒松; 于威

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120086

不同来源豆渣不溶性膳食纤维结构及理化性质比较

Comparison in the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Soybean Dregs Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Different Sources

摘要

摘要: 本研究旨在以传统豆制品加工产生的豆渣为原料制备不溶性膳食纤维（TBP-IDF），并对比其与以分离蛋白加工副产物豆渣为原料制备的不溶性膳食纤维（SPI-IDF）在结构和理化性质方面的差异。采用单因素实验和响应面试验对传统豆制品豆渣的脱脂工艺参数进行优化；通过复合酶法制备TBP-IDF，并对其基础成分和组分进行测定；利用离子色谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪对TBP-IDF和SPI-IDF的结构差异进行对比；通过测定吸水性、膨胀性、持油性、及葡萄糖和胆固醇吸附能力，对TBP-IDF和SPI-IDF的理化性质差异进行分析。结果表明，传统豆制品豆渣最佳脱脂工艺参数如下：液料比为22:1、处理温度59 ℃、处理时间70 min，在此条件下，豆渣的脱脂率达90.13%；TBP-IDF含量可达83.23%，其中纤维素含量为29.3%，半纤维素的含量为53.5%，木质素含量为17.2%；与SPI-IDF相比，TBP-IDF单糖组成存在显著差异，葡萄糖含量显著增加（P<0.05），但高级结构类似；TBP-IDF的持水性（9.53 g/g）和膨胀性（5.20 mL/g）显著高于SPI-IDF（7.73 g/g，4.30 mL/g）（P<0.05），持油性（6.22 g/g）显著低于SPI-IDF（7.95 g/g）（P<0.05）；二者对葡萄糖和胆固醇的吸附能力均随底物浓度的增加而升高，且无明显差异（P>0.05）。本研究证明了TBP-IDF与SPI-IDF具有类似的潜在生理活性，有可能被用作辅助糖脂代谢类功能性食品原料，同时扩大了大豆不溶性膳食纤维的制备来源和途径。

Abstract: This study aimed to prepare soybean dreg insoluble dietary fiber generated from the processing of traditional soybean products (TBP-IDF) and to compare the differences in structure and physicochemical properties between it and insoluble dietary fiber prepared from soybean isolate protein processing by-products (SPI-IDF). The optimal degreasing process of soybean dregs was optimized by one way test and response surface test. TBP-IDF was prepared by a complex enzymatic method and its basic components and fractions were determined. The structural differences between TBP-IDF and SPI-IDF were compared using ion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. Differences in the physicochemical properties of TBP-IDF and SPI-IDF were analyzed by determining water-holding capacity, swelling capacity, oil-holding capacity, glucose-absorption capacity, and cholesterol-adsorption capacity. The results showed that the optimal defatting process parameters for traditional soybean dregs were as follows: liquid-to-feed ratio of 22:1, treatment temperature of 59 ℃, and treatment time of 70 min, under which the defatting rate of soybean dregs reached 90.13%. The content of TBP-IDF was up to 83.23%, with 29.3% cellulose, 53.5% hemicellulose, and 17.2% lignin. Compared with SPI-IDF, there were significant differences in the composition of the monosaccharides of TBP-IDF, with significantly increased glucose content (P<0.05), but the advanced structure was similar. The water-holding (9.53 g/g) and swelling (5.20 mL/g) of TBP-IDF were significantly higher than SPI-IDF (7.73 g/g, 4.30 mL/g) (P<0.05), while the oil-holding (6.22 g/g) was significantly lower than SPI-IDF (7.95 g/g) (P<0.05). The adsorption capacity of both for glucose and cholesterol increased with the increase of substrate concentration, and there is no significant difference (P>0.05). This study demonstrated that TBP-IDF has similar potential physiological activities with SPI-IDF, which could potentially be used as a functional food ingredient for assisting glucose-lipid metabolism, and expanded the sources and ways of preparing soybean insoluble dietary fiber.