不同极性溶剂提取对杨树桑黄功能成分及其抗氧化活性的影响

张琪; 殷朝敏; 高虹; 范秀芝; 史德芳; 陈盛; 刘吉发; 徐建华; 李真顺

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024050089

不同极性溶剂提取对杨树桑黄功能成分及其抗氧化活性的影响

Effects of Different Polar Solvents Extraction on Functional Components and Their Antioxidant Activities of Sanghuangporus vaninii

摘要

摘要: 为明确不同极性溶剂提取对杨树桑黄功能成分及生物活性的影响，以杨树桑黄子实体干粉为原料，采用4种不同溶剂（乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和复配溶剂）提取桑黄多酚类物质，测定其中活性成分、多酚组成及抗氧化活性等多种指标，并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明：丙酮提取物（AE）的得率、总多酚和三萜含量分别为12.91%，37.38%和8.11%，显著高于乙醇提取物（EE）、乙酸乙酯提取物（EAE）和复配溶剂提取物（MSE）（P<0.05）；EE的总黄酮含量为14.90%，高于AE、EAE和MSE；而EAE的总甾醇含量为12.61%，高于EE、AE和MSE。桑黄多酚组分及含量测定实验结果发现，AE中原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸、咖啡酸和对香豆酸的含量分别为602.09、90.25、6.24和5.57 μg/100 mg，显著高于EE、EAE和MSE（P<0.05），且7种酚酸总含量最高。此外，AE的ABTS⁺自由基清除率和脂质过氧化抑制能力高于EE、EAE和MSE，而其还原力和蛋白氧化损伤抑制能力显著高于EE、EAE和MSE（P<0.05）；EAE的DPPH自由基清除率和β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化抑制能力高于EE、AE和MSE，而其羟基自由基清除率和DNA氧化损伤保护能力显著高于EE、AE和MSE（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果表明，酚类化合物与抗氧化活性之间相关性较强。综上，丙酮溶剂对桑黄多酚的提取率高，其提取物主要多酚化合物含量高，且具有良好的抗氧化能力。本试验结果可为桑黄产品的开发利用提供理论依据。

Abstract: To clarify the effects of different polar solvents extraction on the functional components and antioxidant activities of Sanghuangporus vaninii, the crude polyphenols from the dried powder of S. vaninii were extracted with four different solvents (ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and compound solvents), the bioactive ingredients, polyphenol compositions and antioxidant activities of different extracts were measured and their correlation were analyzed. Results indicated that the yield, the total contents of polyphenols and triterpenoids in acetone extract (AE) were 12.91%, 37.38% and 8.11%, respectively, which were significantly higher than other extracts (P<0.05). The total flavonoid content of ethanol extract (EE) was 14.90%, which was higher than that of AE, ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and mixed solvent extract (MSE). The highest total sterol content was observed in EAE with the value of 12.61%. Interestingly, AE showed the highest content of protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid with the values of 602.09, 90.25, 6.24, and 5.57 μg/100mg, respectively. Its total content of phenolic acids were significantly higher than those in EE, EAE and MSE (P<0.05). In addition, AE demonstrated better ABTS⁺ radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacities than those of EE, EAE, and MSE. Its reducing power and protein oxidative damage inhibition capacities were significantly higher than those of EE, EAE, and MSE (P<0.05). Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid oxidation inhibition capacities of EAE were higher than those of EE, AE, and MSE. Its hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA oxidative damage protection ability were significantly higher than that of EE, AE and MSE (P<0.05). There was a strong correlation between the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity. In summary, acetone solvent exhibited a higher extraction yield and higher content of main polyphenols components from S. vaninii, and the extract showed a good antioxidant capacity. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of S. vaninii products.