Abstract: Crustaceans are a prevalent source of food allergies in China. Despite efforts to avoid consuming allergenic foods, there is currently no known remedy that effectively treats these allergies. Hence, conducting a therapeutic investigation of crustacean allergens and examining their characteristics holds great significance. This paper has provided an introduction to the immunological characteristics and molecular structure of allergens. It also summarizes the antigen epitope of allergens and discusses the immunological products used in allergen-specific immunotherapy. Furthermore, it compares the advantages and disadvantages of different immunological products and their respective mechanisms of action. This information can serve as a reference for the development of reliable treatment methods for aquatic products.