沙棘果皮渣总黄酮体内外降血脂活性研究

孙嘉莉; 赵文燕; 朱东亮; 江峻峰; 牟晓娟; 闫思语; 宗泽慧; 包晓玮

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023120294

沙棘果皮渣总黄酮体内外降血脂活性研究

Hypolipidemic Activity of Total Flavonoids from Sea Buckthorn Peel Residue in vivo and in vitro

摘要

摘要: 为探究沙棘果皮渣总黄酮的降血脂功效及抗氧化水平，采用体外和体内试验研究沙棘果皮渣总黄酮纯化物（TFSE）降血脂功能。通过体外试验测定TFSE的抗氧化活性，并模拟人体胃肠环境，考察TFSE对三种胆酸盐的结合能力，以此来评价其体外抗氧化及降血脂效果；通过高脂饲料诱导C57BL/6J小鼠建立高脂血症模型，灌胃TFSE进行干预，分别比较不同剂量的TFSE对C57BL/6J小鼠的体重、血清和肝脏的血脂水平、肝功能指标及肝脏的氧化指标，并对肝脏组织进行病理学的观察。体外试验结果表明，TFSE对DPPH、ABTS⁺自由基清除能力较强，其IC₅₀值分别5.20、10.24 μg/mL，且具有较高的还原能力，说明其抗氧化活性好；与胆酸钠、甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠结合能力的IC₅₀值分别为11.11、2.61、3.50 mg/mL，说明TFSE与胆酸盐的结合能力较强；体内动物实验结果表明，与模型组（HFD）相比，L-TFSE组和H-TFSE组能够抑制小鼠体重增加，显著降低（P<0.05）血清和肝脏中总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平，显著增加（P<0.05）高密度脂蛋白蛋白（HDL-C）水平及显著降低（P<0.05）小鼠血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平。同时，显著增加（P<0.05）小鼠肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平，显著降低（P<0.05）丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果表明，TFSE改善高脂饮食对肝脏的病理损伤，显现出良好的降血脂活性，并能够提高抗氧化活性，该研究可为提高新疆沙棘果皮渣产品的附加值提供一定的理论基础。

Abstract: In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the lipid-lowering effect and antioxidant level of total flavonoids from sea buckthorn peel residue (TFSE). To assess the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of TFSE, the in vitro study simulated the gastrointestinal environment by evaluating its antioxidant activity and binding capacity with three bile acid salts. In the in vivo experiment, a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia model was established in C57BL/6J mice. Then, TFSE was administered orally to compare its effects on body weight, serum, hepatic lipid levels, liver function indicators, and oxidative indicators. Then, histopathological observations of the liver tissue were completed. The in vitro study showed that TFSE exhibited strong scavenging abilities against DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, with IC₅₀ values of 5.20 and 10.24 μg/mL, respectively, thus indicating effective antioxidant activity. Moreover, TFSE showed strong binding capabilities with sodium cholate, glycocholate, and taurocholate, with IC₅₀ values of 11.11, 2.61, and 3.50 mg/mL, respectively, thus highlighting its binding solid capacity with bile acids. Results of the mice experiments showed that, compared to the model group (HFD), the L-TFSE and H-TFSE groups showed inhibited body weight gain, whilst (P<0.05) total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum and liver were significantly decreased. At the same time, significantly increased (P<0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and significantly decreased (P<0.05) levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were noted. In addition, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were noted in mouse serum. Furthermore, TFSE significantly increased (P<0.05) the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) levels in mouse liver, whilst malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results indicate that TFSE improves hepatic pathological damage caused by a high-fat diet, showed effective lipid-lowering activity, and enhanced antioxidant activity. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the added value of sea buckthorn peel residue products in Xinjiang.