低碳水高蛋白面包饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

姜宇纯; 肖宇航; 李大军

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023120097

低碳水高蛋白面包饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Low-carbon and High Protein Bread Diet on Blood Lipid, Immune Index and Intestinal Flora in Mice

摘要

摘要: 目的：采用高蛋白谷朊粉为主要原料制作面包作为小鼠饮食，观测低碳水高蛋白（low carbohydrate and high protein diet，LC-HP）饮食与高油、高糖饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。方法：将健康的昆明种小鼠随机分为低碳水高蛋白组（A组，碳水化合物CHO 11.41%，蛋白质Pr 39.18%）、对照组（B组，CHO 47.4%，Pr 9.6%）、高油组（C组，CHO 51.4%，Pr 8.5%）、高糖组（D组，CHO 60.6%，Pr 7.3%），每组10只，雌雄各半，试验期28 d。每7 d称量小鼠体重，试验期末测定脏器系数，检测血清中甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）水平、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor，TNF-α）、血清白细胞介素6（interleukin 6，IL-6）；16S rDNA测序检测小鼠粪便样本中菌群的变化。结果：A组小鼠体重增长率显著低于C组和D组（P<0.05）；A组小鼠总TG、TC水平显著低于其它三组（P<0.05），A组小鼠LDL-C水平显著低于C、D组（P<0.05），A组小鼠HDL-C水平显著高于D组（P<0.05）；A组免疫器官系数高于其它三组但无显著性；A组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于C、D组（P<0.05）；A组反映肠道中微生物群落的丰富性和多样性的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数均高于其他三组，且有益菌相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加。结论：小鼠进食低碳水面包，与进食普通面包和进食高糖高油面包比较，能够降低体重增长率和血脂水平，调节免疫指标，改善肠道菌群组成，且确证了面包高糖比高油的健康不利影响更大。

Abstract: Objective: To observe the effects of low carbohydrate and high protein diet (LC-HP) and high oil and high sugar diet on blood lipid, immune index and intestinal flora in mice. Use of high protein gluten as the main ingredient to make bread as the diet of mice. Methods: Healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into low-carbon and high-protein group (group A, CHO 11.41%, Pr 39.18%), control group (group B, CHO 47.4%, Pr 9.6%), high-oil group (group C, CHO 51.4%, Pr 8.5%) and high-sugar group (group D, CHO 60.6%, Pr 7.3%). Each group consisted of 10 animals, 50 parts male and 50 parts female, for a 28 d experimental period. The mice were weighed every 7 days, and the organ coefficient was determined at the end of the experiment. The serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the changes of flora in mouse fecal samples. Results: The weight growth rate of mice in group A was significantly lower than that in groups C and D (P<0.05). The levels of total TG and TC in group A were significantly lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), the levels of LDL-C in group A were significantly lower than those in groups C and D (P<0.05), and the levels of HDL-C in group A were significantly higher than those in group D (P<0.05). The immune organ coefficient of group A was higher than that of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in group A were significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05). ACE, Chao1 and Shannon index of group A, which reflected the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial communities, were higher than those of the other three groups, and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with ordinary bread and high-sugar and high-oil bread, eating low-carbon water bread in mice could reduce the weight growth rate and blood lipid level, adjust immune indexes and improve the composition of intestinal flora, and it is confirmed that high-sugar bread had greater adverse health effects than high-oil bread.