不同种植方式及生长年限的铜鼓多花黄精营养品质分析及其评价体系的构建

黄正花; 余应梅; 严寒; 邵珊珊; 屈若兰; 黄坚; 陈政; 魏益华; 王冬根; 李思明

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023090239

不同种植方式及生长年限的铜鼓多花黄精营养品质分析及其评价体系的构建

Analysis of Nutritional Quality of Tonggu Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from Different Planting Ways and Growing Years and Construction of Its Evaluation System

摘要

摘要: 为了系统探究铜鼓多花黄精的营养品质并构建其评价体系，本文比较分析了不同种植方式和生长年限的铜鼓多花黄精23种营养品质指标，并通过相关性、因子和聚类分析构建了其营养品质评价体系。结果显示大棚种植（GP）多花黄精中的醇溶性浸出物、蛋白质、必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸、灰分及5种常量矿物元素含量均最高，且必需氨基酸营养评分也最高。露天种植（OP）多花黄精中的多糖和皂苷含量最高。林下种植（UP）4种微量元素（Fe、Mn、Zn和Se）含量最高。而野生（W）多花黄精的黄酮和总酚含量最高。随着多花黄精生长年限的延长，多花黄精中醇溶性浸出物、脂肪和多糖含量逐渐增加，而皂苷、黄酮和总酚含量无显著性变化（P>0.05）。但多花黄精的淀粉、粗纤维、蛋白质、灰分、必需氨基酸营养评分、矿物元素等物质含量均与生长年限呈负相关性，其中以GP下降趋势最为明显。通过相关性分析、因子分析和聚类分析将22项营养品质指标简化为13项指标，进而采用主成分分析建立了多花黄精营养品质综合评价模型，发现8种铜鼓多花黄精样品营养品质综合评分（−1.331~1.161）大小顺序为GP-3>UP-3>W-4>GP-5>GP-4>OP-3>UP-4>OP-4，即GP-3的营养品质最佳，并在此基础上建立了铜鼓多花黄精营养品质综合评分6级标准。本研究成果将为筛选最佳营养品质的铜鼓多花黄精原料进行高价值产品开发或品种改良提供理论依据。

Abstract: To comprehensively explore the nutritional quality and construct evaluation system, this paper studied the effects of different planting ways and growing years on the 23 nutritional qualities of Tonggu Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and constructs of its evaluation system by correlation, factors, and clustering analysis. The results showed that the content of ethanol-soluble extractives, protein, essential amino acids (EAA), medicinal amino acids (MAA), ash and 5 constant mineral elements in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from greenhouse planting (GP) was the highest, and the nutritional score of EAA was also the optimal. Also, the content of polysaccharide and saponins in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from open planting (OP) was the most, and the four trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn and Se) were the highest in underwood planting (UP). The Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from wild (W) had the highest content of flavonoids and total phenols. In addition, as the extension of growing years, the content of ethanol-soluble extractives, lipid, and polysaccharides in Tonggu Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua increased gradually, while there was no significant difference in the saponins, flavonoids and total phenols (P>0.05). However, the content of starch, crude fiber, protein, ash, nutritional score of EAA and mineral elements in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was negatively correlated with the growing years. In particular, the decline of nutritional quality in GP was the most significant. Through the analysis of correlation, factor, and cluster, the 22 indicators of nutritional quality were simplified into 13 indicators, and then a comprehensive evaluation model was established by principal component analysis (PCA). It was found that the comprehensive score (−1.331~1.161) of nutritional quality of 8 types was GP-3>UP-3>W-4>GP-5>GP-4>OP-3>UP-4>OP-4, that is, the nutritional quality of GP-3 was optimal. And on this basis, a 6-level standard for the nutritional quality comprehensive evaluation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was established. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the screening of raw materials for development of high-value products and variety improvement of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.