不同方法制备的海带褐藻糖胶得率及品质的比较

钟玉美; 王雷; 许加超; 高昕; 付晓婷

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023080276

不同方法制备的海带褐藻糖胶得率及品质的比较

Comparison of the Yield and Quality of Fucoidan Extracted from Saccharina japonica by Different Preparation Methods

摘要

摘要: 为建立褐藻中活性多糖褐藻糖胶的标准制备工艺，本研究以海带为原料，选择高温高压提取、酸提取、微波提取（M400 W、M500 W、M600 W）3种方法，分别使用氯化钙沉淀（CP）和乙醇沉淀（GAP）脱除褐藻胶，再使用高浓度乙醇进行醇沉，得到褐藻糖胶。比较了10种提取条件下海带褐藻糖胶的得率，对提取得到的褐藻糖胶的总糖、总酚、蛋白质、糖醛酸、硫酸基含量进行测定，并对其Fe³⁺还原能力及ABTS⁺、DPPH自由基清除能力进行研究，并对上述测定结果进行相关性分析，筛选出高得率、高纯度、抗氧化活性好的褐藻糖胶制备方法。结果表明，酸提取-钙沉（AE-CP）和微波提取-钙沉（M400 W-CP、M500 W-CP、M600 W-CP）褐藻糖胶得率分别为3.821%、3.516%、3.376%、2.998%，硫酸基含量分别为17.734%、23.872%、23.376%、22.149%，蛋白质和总酚含量均在1%以下，糖醛酸含量低于10%，Trolox当量（ABTS⁺自由基清除能力）分别为5.637、5.336、6.567、5.616 μg/mg，均为理想的褐藻糖胶制备方法。其中，微波提取-钙沉法具有耗时短、溶剂用量少的特点，符合绿色加工的要求。本研究系统地考察了褐藻糖胶制备方法对其得率和品质的影响，建立了高得率、高纯度、高抗氧化活性褐藻糖胶的制备工艺。

Abstract: In order to establish the standard preparation methodology for bioactive polysaccharide of fucoidan, this study carried out the research of preparation method of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica. Three extraction methods, high temperature pressure extraction (HPE), acid extraction (AE), and microwave extraction at 400 W (M400 W), 500 W (M500 W), and 600 W (M600 W) were selected. Subsequently, two precipitation methods, calcium chloride precipitation (CP) and ethanol precipitation (GAP) were used to remove alginate followed by finally precipitation of fucoidan with high concentration ethanol. Fucoidan extracts prepared in totally ten different conditions were collected, of which the contents of total sugar, total phenols, protein, uronic acid, and sulfate groups were analyzed. Meanwhile their antioxidant activities including Fe³⁺ reduction ability, ABTS⁺ and DPPH free radical scavenging ability were determined. The correlation analysis was conducted based on the above determined results to discover the relationship between preparation methods and fucoidan qualities. Accordingly, the preparation methods for fucoidan of high yield, high purity, and excellent antioxidant activities were selected. Results showed that the yields of fucoidan by acid extraction with calcium precipitation (AE-CP) and microwave extraction with calcium precipitation (M400 W-CP, M500 W-CP, M600 W-CP) were 3.821%, 3.516%, 3.376%, and 2.998%, respectively. Meanwhile, the sulfate content was 17.734%, 23.872%, 23.376%, and 22.149%, respectively. Their protein and total phenol content were below 1%, the uronic acid content was below 10%, and the Trolox equivalent (ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability) was 5.637, 5.336, 6.567, and 5.616 μg/mg, respectively. Thus, the above four preparation conditions were ideal for processing of fucoidan, among which the method of microwave extraction followed by calcium precipitation showed advantages of short processing time and low solvent consumption that met the requirement of the environmental-friendly processing. This study systematically investigated the effects of preparation methods on the yield and quality of fucoidan, which provided a practical preparation methodology for fucoidan from Saccharina japonica with high yield, purity and antioxidant activity.