Abstract: Probiotics have a variety of probiotic effects. However, in the process of processing, storage or digestion, it is easy to reduce its activity due to the influence of external adverse environment. The use of microcapsule technology can play a good role in the protection of probiotics and reduce or avoid the impact of adverse environment. As a wall material of probiotic microcapsules, marine polysaccharides can not only boost the stress resistance and stability of probiotics, improve the sensory characteristics of probiotic products, but also enhance the therapeutic effect with probiotics. This paper analyzes the species and characteristics of marine polysaccharides from different sources. It also summarizes the preparation methods of marine polysaccharide-based probiotic microcapsules, and expounds the application of marine polysaccharide-based probiotic microcapsules in food industry, biomedicine, aquaculture feed and other fields. It is expected to provide some references for the research direction of probiotic microcapsules and the high-value utilization of marine resources.