基于熵权法和灰色关联度结合成分分析优选人参提取物抗氧化活性最佳极性部位

徐志佳; 李胜楠; 周文文; 肖凤琴; 刘晖; 杨亦柳; 李光哲; 严铭铭

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030241

基于熵权法和灰色关联度结合成分分析优选人参提取物抗氧化活性最佳极性部位

Optimization of the Best Polar Site for Antioxidant Activity of Panax ginseng Extract Based on Entropy Weight Method and Grey Relational Analysis Combined with Component Analysis

摘要

摘要: 目的：考察人参不同极性部位抗氧化活性差异，筛选最佳活性部位。方法：本研究以石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取人参水提物。通过高效液相色谱（High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC）、紫外分光光度计测定人参不同极性部位总酚酸、总皂苷、总多糖、总黄酮、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1含量；以DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基及细胞氧化损伤模型测定不同极性部位间体外抗氧化活性；结合熵权法与灰色关联度分析，建立人参不同极性部位的质量评价模型。对人参不同极性部位的12个质量特性指标赋权，最终优选出人参抗氧化最佳极性部位。结果：人参不同极性部位成分含量及抗氧化活性差异明显。其中，正丁醇部位的总酚酸、总黄酮、人参皂苷Rb1含量高于其他部位。正丁醇部位抗氧化活性最强，对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除能力，相应的IC₅₀值分别为0.14、0.57、0.92、0.75 mg/mL。另外，结合质量评价模型得到人参不同极性部位的相对关联度值的范围为0.352~0.618，正丁醇部位测得相对关联度最高（0.618），进一步表明正丁醇部位抗氧化活性最强。结论：综合熵权法和灰色关联度分析的评价结果，初步优选出正丁醇部位为人参抗氧化最理想部位，为人参作为天然抗氧化剂的研究及人参抗氧化食品的开发应用提供理论基础。

Abstract: Objective: The differences in antioxidant activity of different polar parts of panax ginseng were investigated to screen the best active parts. Method: In this study, the water extract of Panax ginseng was extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn. The contents of total phenolic acids, total saponins, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 in different polar parts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrophotometer. The in vitro antioxidant activity of different polar parts was determined by DPPH free radical, ABTS⁺ free radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion free radical and cell oxidative damage model. Combined with entropy weight method and grey relational analysis, the quality evaluation model of different polar parts of Panax ginseng was established. By weighting twelve quality characteristic indexes of different polar parts of Panax ginseng, the best antioxidant polar part of Panax ginseng was ultimately selected. Results: The differences in the components and antioxidant activity of different polar parts of Panax ginseng were obvious. Among them, the content of total phenolic acid, total flavonoids and ginsenoside Rb1 in n-butanol part was higher than that in other parts. The n-butanol part had the best antioxidant activity, and had certain scavenging ability to DPPH free radical, ABTS⁺ free radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radical, and the corresponding IC₅₀ values were 0.14, 0.57, 0.92 and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, combined with the quality evaluation model, the relative correlation degrees of range of different polar parts of Panax ginseng was 0.352~0.618, and the relative correlation degree of n-butanol part was the highest (0.618), which further indicated that the antioxidant activity of n-butanol part was the strongest. Conclusion: Based on the evaluation results of entropy weight method and grey correlation analysis, the n-butanol part was preliminarily selected as the most ideal antioxidant part of Panax ginseng, which would provide a theoretical basis for the research of Panax ginseng as a natural antioxidant and the development and application of Panax ginseng antioxidant food.