小果蔷薇不同采收时期叶和茎中主要活性成分的变化

周瑶瑶; 张晓元; 陈雄; 罗韶刚; 曾令杰

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023020208

小果蔷薇不同采收时期叶和茎中主要活性成分的变化

Changes of Main Active Components in Leaf and Stem of Rosa cymosa Tratt. at Different Harvesting Periods

摘要

摘要: 目的：探索一年中不同采收时期小果蔷薇叶和茎中总多糖、总有机酸、鞣花酸的含量变化情况，为其质量控制和适宜采收期的确定提供实验依据。方法：于2021年的2月至12月采集小果蔷薇的茎和叶的样品，每月采集1次。样品阴干后，分别采用紫外分光光度法测定其总多糖和总有机酸和含量，用高效液相色谱法测定其鞣花酸含量。同时采用聚类分析和主成分分析对不同采收时期的叶和茎进行综合评价。结果：叶和茎中总多糖、总有机酸、鞣花酸的含量在一年中呈现一定的波动趋势。叶中总多糖含量在7月（22.689 mg·g⁻¹）和8月（23.164 mg·g⁻¹）达到较高水平；总有机酸在2月（111.484 mg·g⁻¹）、6月（113.342 mg·g⁻¹）、8月（102.425 mg·g⁻¹）含量最高；鞣花酸在4月（0.074 mg·g⁻¹）、6月（0.077 mg·g⁻¹）和8月（0.074 mg·g⁻¹）含量最高。茎中总多糖含量在2月（15.650 mg·g⁻¹）达到较高水平；总有机酸在5月（171.123 mg·g⁻¹）、9月（178.960 mg·g⁻¹）、2月（125.393 mg·g⁻¹）含量最高；鞣花酸在2月（0.037 mg·g⁻¹）、4月（0.038 mg·g⁻¹）含量显著高于其他月份采收的样品。根据聚类分析将叶和茎各分为3类，与主成分分析基本一致。经主成分分析，叶和茎累计贡献率分别达到77.067%和82.970%。结果表明叶在8月采收和茎在2月采收的综合评价最高。结论：研究认为小果蔷薇叶和茎的最适采收时期分别为8月份和2月份。该研究结果可为小果蔷薇的采收及其质量评价等提供参考。

Abstract: Objective: In order to control the herbal quality and select the optimal harvesting period of Rosa cymosa Tratt., the contents of total polysaccharide, total organic acid and ellagic acid in its leaves and stems at different harvesting periods within one year were studied in this paper. Methods: The samples of leaf or stem were collected monthly from February to December in 2021, and dried in the room temperature, then, their total polysaccharides, total organic acids, and ellagic acids were determined through UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. At the same time, the quality of leaves and stems at differenet harvesting periods were comprehensively evaluated by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results: The contents of total polysaccharide, total organic acid and ellagic acid in its leaves and stems showed some fluctuations throughout the year. The contents of polysaccharide in leaves reached higher levels in July (22.689 mg·g⁻¹ and August (23.164 mg·g⁻¹). The content of total organic acids were highest in February (111.484 mg·g⁻¹), June (113.342 mg·g⁻¹), and August (102.425 mg·g⁻¹). The highest levels of ellagic acid were found in April (0.074 mg·g⁻¹), June (0.077 mg·g⁻¹) and August (0.074 mg·g⁻¹). The contents of total polysaccharide in the stems were higher in February (15.650 mg·g⁻¹). The content of total organic acids were highest in May (171.123 mg·g⁻¹), September (178.960 mg·g⁻¹), and February (125.393 mg·g⁻¹). The contents of ellagic acid were significantly higher in February (0.037 mg·g⁻¹) and April (0.038 mg·g⁻¹) than those in stems harvested correspondingly in other months. The leaves and stems were divided into 3 categories according to cluster analysis, which was basically consistent with principal component analysis. By principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rates of leaves and stems reached 77.067% and 82.970%, respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation of leaves harvested in August and stems harvested in February was the highest. Conclusion: Therefore, the comprehensive analysis determined that the appropriate harvesting period for Rosa cymosa Tratt. was August for leaves and February for stems. The results of this study could provide some references for the quality evaluation and harvest research of Rosa cymosa Tratt.