养生代餐粉的熟化工艺筛选与抗抑郁功能评价

蒲莲莲; 杨颖; 刘漫; 嵇晶; 程建明; 刘陶世

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023010001

养生代餐粉的熟化工艺筛选与抗抑郁功能评价

Curing Process Screening and Antidepression Functional Evaluation of Health Meal Replacement Powder

摘要

摘要: 目的：研究养生代餐粉的熟化工艺并对其抗抑郁功能进行评价。方法：以蒸煮、炒制、微波等方法对代餐粉的中药混合粉进行熟化，测定其理化指标、总多糖、总黄酮及体外消化特性；采用腹腔注射LPS造小鼠抑郁模型，随机分为空白组、模型组、盐酸氟西汀组及养生代餐粉组，通过悬尾及强迫游泳实验观察代餐粉对小鼠行为学的影响，并测定代餐粉对小鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、5-HT、NE及脑组织BDNF含量的影响。结果：经熟化处理后，最优熟化工艺挤压膨化组的水溶性指数（WSI）、吸水性指数（WAI）、离心沉淀率（SR）、分散时间、润湿时间、总多糖含量、总黄酮含量分别为34.35%、3.18 g/g、52.16%、184.12 s、195.02 s、32.2 mg/g、0.62 mg/g。表明挤压膨化对中药粉冲调性改善不如烘烤等其他熟化工艺，但可明显提高中药粉末可溶性小分子物质的含量，并显著增加活性物质含量。体外消化结果表明，挤压膨化对中药粉总黄酮释放量稍有影响，但其快消化淀粉RDS含量（63.52%）较低，慢消化淀粉SDS含量（34.14%）显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。动物实验结果显示，与模型组比，代餐粉可明显降低小鼠悬尾及强迫游泳不动时间，下调小鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平，增加5-HT、NE及脑组织BDNF含量（P<0.01）。结论：挤压膨化工艺理化指标符合产品营养吸收性好的要求，功能性成分增加较大，升糖指数低、健康养生。因此，挤压膨化是养生代餐粉的最佳制备工艺。养生代餐粉可明显改善抑郁模型小鼠的抑郁样行为及指标。

Abstract: Objective: To study the curing process of health meal replacement powder (HMR) and evaluate its anti-depression function. Methods: The mixed traditional Chinese medicine powder of HMR was cured by stewing, stir-frying, microwave and other processes. Meanwhile, the physicochemical indexes, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and characteristics in vitro digestive were determined. The depression model mice were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, fluoxetine hydrochloride group and HMR group. Using the tail suspension test and forced swimming test in mice, the antidepressant effect of HMR was observed. The behavior, IL-1β, TNF-α, 5-HT, NE and BDNF of mice were determined. Results: After curing, the water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), centrifugal sediment rate (SR), dispersibility time, wettability time, total polysaccharide and total flavonoids content of extrusion group were 34.35%, 3.18 g/g, 52.16%, 184.12 s, 195.02 s, 32.2 mg/g and 0.62 mg/g. The results showed that extrusion could not improve the soakage and disperal of Chinese medicine powder as much as other curing processes like baking, but it could significantly increase the content of soluble small molecules and active substances of Chinese medicine powder. Results of in vitro digestion showed that extrusion had a little effect on the release of total flavonoids from Chinese medicine powder, but the content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) (63.52%) was lower, and the content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) (34.14%) was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model control group, HMR group could significantly reduce the resting time of tail suspension and swimming, down-regulate the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, up-regulate the levels of 5-HT and NE, and increase the contents of BDNF (P<0.01). Conclusion: The physicochemical indexes of extrusion process sample meet the good nutrient absorbability requirements of products, and its functional components increase greatly, the extrusion sample was slow GI and health regimen. Therefore, extrusion is the best curing process to prepare HMR. HMR can significantly improve the depression-like behavior and indexes of depressive model mice.