5株杏果实采后病原真菌的分离及鉴定

王珂; 姚婷; 张燕; 何欣萌; 王友升

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022090204

5株杏果实采后病原真菌的分离及鉴定

Morphological Characterization and Identification of Five Pathogenic Fungi from Apricot Fruit during Postharvest Storage

摘要

摘要: 杏采后易受病原菌侵染，本研究通过对采后贮藏期间‘金太阳杏’和‘胭脂杏’果实发病部位的病原菌进行分离、纯化，并将纯化后的菌株回接到相应品种的健康果实上，出现与分离发病果实相同的病症，经形态学特征分析、真菌rDNA内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）的序列分析并构建系统发育树，从杏果实共分离到5株病原菌。从‘金太阳杏’分离到3株病原真菌，其中325^#为甜樱间座壳菌（Diaporthe eres），327^#为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea），328^#为出芽短梗霉（Aureobasidium pullulans），从‘胭脂杏’果实分离得到两株病原真菌，分别为326^#椭圆葡萄孢菌（Botrytis elliptica）和331^#灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）。 D. eres、B. dothidea、A. pullulans 和 B. elliptica 为杏果实上未见文献报道的病原真菌，而 B. cinerea 未有发现侵染‘胭脂杏’的报道，研究结果旨在为杏果实的生物防治措施提供一定的参考。

Abstract: Apricot fruit is highly susceptible to infection by pathogenic fungi. In this study, the pathogenic fungi in the diseased parts of the fruits of ‘Golden Sun’ and ‘Red almond’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) during postharvest storage were isolated and purified, and the purified strains were inoculated back to the healthy fruits of corresponding varieties, showing the same disease symptoms as the diseased fruits. Five fungi isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis combined with construction of phylogenetic tree. Three isolates from ‘Golden Sun’ apricot were identified as Diaporthe eres (325^#), Botryosphaeria dothidea (327^#) and Aureobasidium pullulans (328^#). Two isolates from ‘Red almond’ apricot were identified as Botrytis elliptica (326^#) and Botrytis cinerea (331^#). D. eres, B. dothidea, A. pullulans and B. elliptica were pathogenic fungi that had not been reported in the literature on apricot fruits, whereas B. cinerea had not been reported on the infection of ‘Red almond’ apricot. The present results provided references for the biological control measures of apricot fruits.