Abstract: In order to explore the anti-aging effect and mechanism of recombinant recombinant human-derived collagen (RHC), the aging mouse model was constructed through 300 mg/kg D-galactose intraperitoneal injection, and different doses of RHC were used to study the changes of hyaluronic acid, collagen, lipofuscin, hydroxyproline content, antioxidant enzyme activity, key genes and protein expression related to epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation and collagen synthesis. The results showed that compared with the aging model group (SLM), the intervention groups that was gavaged RHC had significantly less skin folds, higher collagen content (P<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the skins (P<0.0001). Compared with the SLM group, antioxidant indicators such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content were increased in the RHC intervention groups, while lipofuscin content and pathological scores were reduced, and significant effect were also observed. In addition, the expression levels of key genes and protein (EGFR, TIMP-1, COL1A2, COL3A1, TGF-βⅠ, TGF-βⅡ) were increased, while those of MMP-1, MMP-3 in the skin of mouse were decreased in the RHC intervention groups. In conclusion, RHC has a good anti-aging effect on the skin, and its mechanism may be related to increase antioxidant effect, promote the EGFR, TGF pathway, and modulate the expression balance of MMPs and TIMPs, promote the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells, and the synthesis of collagen.