云南主产茶区晒青茶品质差异分析

王庆华; 罗慧; 刘春艳; 吴华强; 关晓阳; 赵静竹; 周玲; 何建平; 吴昌迪

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040154

云南主产茶区晒青茶品质差异分析

Comparative Analysis on Quality of Sun-dried Tea from Main Tea Production Areas of Yunnan

摘要

摘要: 以云南省西双版纳、普洱、临沧、保山、德宏及玉溪六个主产茶区的18个晒青茶为研究对象，进行水分、水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚、游离氨基酸等理化成分的检测和感官审评，通过指标相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和优质产区分析等方法，探究云南省不同地域晒青茶的品质差异，并筛选优质产区。结果表明，不同地域晒青茶的品质指标存在一定差异，且品质指标间存在一定的相关性。其中，水浸出物含量与茶多酚含量、叶底评分呈现相关性（P<0.05），氨基酸含量与咖啡碱含量呈现相关性（P<0.05），香气评分与滋味评分呈现相关性（P<0.05）；玉溪地区晒青茶的水分、水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚、游离氨基酸含量的均值分别为8.08%、52.82%、4.81%、27.78%、4.64%，其含量均高于其它地区，西双版纳晒青茶的酚氨比（8.94）最高，玉溪和西双版纳地区的晒青茶样综合品质要优于其它地区；将前人对云南省茶树种植适宜区的划分与本研究的不同地域晒青茶品质综合评价结果进行交叉分析，表明西双版纳地区不仅气候环境非常适宜茶树的种植栽培，而且其生产出的晒青茶的综合品质也较优。以上结果探明了云南不同地域晒青茶的品质差异，对后期高品质普洱茶产品的生产有一定参考意义。

Abstract: Eighteen sun-dried tea samples were selected from six major tea-producing regions in Yunnan Province, namely Xishuangbanna, Pu'er, Lincang, Baoshan, Dehong and Yuxi to use for this study. In this study, these samples' biochemical components such as moisture, water leachate, caffeine, tea polyphenols and free amino acids were tested and their sensory evaluations were conducted. The quality differences of sun-dried tea from different regions in Yunnan Province were investigated by means of index correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and quality appellation analysis, and high-quality production regions were screened. The results showed that the quality indicators of different regional sun-dried tea had differences and there were some correlations among the quality indicators. Among them, the water leachate content showed correlation with the content of tea polyphenol and leaf base (P<0.05). Similarly, the content of amino acid and caffeine, aroma and taste showed a correlation (P<0.05). Besides, the average values of moisture, water leachate, caffeine, tea polyphenols and free amino acids of sun-dried tea from Yuxi region were 8.08%, 52.82%, 4.81% and 27.78%, and 4.64%, respectively, which were higher than those of other regions. The sun-dried tea from Xishuangbanna had the highest phenolamine ratio (8.94), and the overall quality of sun-dried tea samples from Yuxi and Xishuangbanna regions was better than other regions. Making a cross-analysis of the previous classification of suitable regions for tea cultivation in Yunnan Province and the results of this study on the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of sun-dried tea from different regions. It showed that Xishuangbanna not only has very suitable climate for tea cultivation, but also could product high quality sun-dried tea. The above results could indicate the differences in the quality of sun-dried tea from different regions in Yunnan. Moreover, it could provide references for the production of high quality pu-erh tea products in the future.