17个品种木芙蓉花的矿质元素分析评价及健康风险评估

曾心美; 王希; 石小庆; 蔡露; 李梦霞; 朱章顺; 陈存

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021120294

17个品种木芙蓉花的矿质元素分析评价及健康风险评估

Evaluation of Mineral Nutrient and Health Risk in Flower of 17 Cultivars of Hibiscus mutabilis L.

摘要

摘要: 为探究不同品种木芙蓉花的营养价值和食用安全性，用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了17个品种木芙蓉花的矿物质成分及含量，运用主成分分析对其进行了评价，并采用每周可耐受摄入量（PTWI）和目标危害商值法（THQ）评估其污染程度及食用安全性。结果表明：17个品种木芙蓉花所含的常量元素K、Ca、Mg、Na含量变幅分别为13564.921~24951.771、1301.943~4786.171、1724.442~3748.11和122.894~706.763 mg·kg⁻¹，11种有益矿质元素：I、Zn、Fe、B、Al、Cu、Co、Mo、Mn、Si、V含量变幅依次为0.009~1.360、17.880~81.381、55.185~115.034、19.281~52.571、31.555~92.710、6.220~13.308、0.040~0.147、0.320~3.286、4.223~23.472、0.062~0.193、0.128~0.502 mg·kg⁻¹，所有样品的Cd、As、Pb、Cr含量均未超过国家食品安全标准，表明木芙蓉花矿质营养丰富而安全，有利于改善人们膳食营养。主成分分析结果显示，‘JBY’的综合评分最高，可作为功能性产品开发的适宜品种。四种有害元素的AWI与PTWI平均比值最高不超过10%，风险指数（THQ）小于1，表明木芙蓉花的矿物质元素摄入对食用人群没有明显的健康风险，As和Pb对复合污染物风险指数（HI）贡献率较高，是主要的风险元素。

Abstract: In order to explore the nutritional value and food safety in flower of different varieties of Hibiscus mutabilis L., the composition and contents in flower of 17 H. mutabilis cultivars were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and were evaluated by principal component analysis, the pollution levels and potential health risks were estimated by provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) and target hazard quotient (THQ), respectively. The results showed that the major elements K, Ca, Mg, and Na content ranged from 13564.921 to 24951.771, 1301.943 to 4786.171, 1724.442 to 3748.11 mg·kg⁻¹ and 122.894 to 706.763 mg·kg⁻¹ in flower of 17 H. mutabilis cultivars, respectively. The content range of 11 kinds of beneficial mineral elements: I, Zn, Fe, B, Al, Cu, Co, Mo, Mn, Si, V were 0.009~1.360, 17.880~81.381, 55.185~115.034, 19.281~52.571, 31.555~92.710, 6.220~13.308, 0.040~0.147, 0.320~3.286, 4.223~23.472, 0.062~0.193, 0.128~0.502 mg·kg⁻¹, the contents of Cd, As, Pb and Cr in all the samples were not exceeded national standards. This indicated that the H. mutabilis flower was rich in mineral elements, safe for human consumption, and conducived to improving our dietary nutrition. The results of principal component analysis showed that 'JBY' had the highest comprehensive score and could be used as a suitable variety for the development of functional products. The highest average ratio of AWI to PTWI of the four harmful elements was no more than 10%, and the THQ was less than 1, the results indicated that trace elements intake form the flower of H. mutabilis had no significant health risk to people who consume it. The trace elements of As and Pb were the main risk elements, which had high contribution rate to HI.