Abstract: With the change of people’s consumption concept and the increase of edible oil types, more and more people pay attention to the nutritional value of edible oil. This article summarizes the research progress of nutritional components of edible oil (including fatty acid nutrients and micronutrients), investigates the current situation of management regulations of edible oil health claims in China, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan, and comprehensively analyzes the factors affecting edible oil health claims. It is suggested that China should strengthen the construction of food labeling standard system, based on the comprehensive relationship between food and health, and comprehensively consider the overall nutritional status of food, which is of great significance for consumers to reasonably choose edible oil and improve health awareness.