Abstract: This research adopted the D-galactose induced senility mice as the research object, under the condition of constant energy control, different protein content of feeding groups was designed. Mice were under dietary intervention for 8 weeks, by analyzing the Morris water maze data, brain tissue slice and liver tissue antioxidant capacity to explore the anti-aging effect of protein nutrition in Guangxi longevity dietary patterns. The results showed that: Compared with the high (P/C=1/2), medium (P/C=1/3) and low (P/C=1/5) protein diet groups, the escape latency of mice in P/C=1/4 (protein/carbohydrate) group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The number of crossing platform, the residence time of target quadrant and the distance of target quadrant significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with other treatment groups, low protein P/C=1/4 group can inhibit the accumulation of MDA in liver tissue and improve the total antioxidant activity. Observation of brain sections showed that neurons in the hippocampal area of mice in the low protein diet P/C=1/4 group had multiple layers and intact morphology, and the degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis were effectively alleviated compared with other groups. The comprehensive health score was further established by principal component analysis, and the scoring order was as follows: P/C=1/4 group > P/C=1/5 group > P/C=1/3 group > young control group > P/C=1/2 group > aging control group. In summary, mice in P/C=1/4 low-protein diet group can effectively resist the senior-induced injury of D-galactose, and maintain strong learning and memory ability and antioxidant ability, thus showing strong anti-aging effect. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the relationship between dietary protein nutrition and health as well as longevity.