不同育肥海区香港牡蛎的营养评价及基因表达相关性分析

严雪瑜; 覃波忠; 黄伟德; 彭金霞; 朱鹏; 蒋美君; 张斌; 李选积; 钟方杰; 韦嫔媛

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021100181

不同育肥海区香港牡蛎的营养评价及基因表达相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Nutritional Evaluation and Gene Expression of Crassostrea hongkongensis in Different Fattening Sea Areas

摘要

摘要: 本文分析和评价了广西钦州湾两个牡蛎育肥养殖海区中香港牡蛎的营养成分，同时分析了香港牡蛎外套膜、闭壳肌和鳃等组织中相关代谢基因的表达情况，并在此基础上探讨营养成分含量与基因表达之间的相关性。结果显示：钦州港养殖区香港牡蛎的胆固醇、维生素A、维生素E和锌元素的含量以及苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸等氨基酸含量显著高于大风江养殖区（P<0.05），并且其必需氨基酸的比例（35.51%）和半必需氨基酸的比例（10.51%）也高于大风江养殖区（34.06%，9.31%）；但大风江养殖区香港牡蛎的钙、钠和镁等矿物元素的含量和风味氨基酸比例（41.33%）等方面则更有优势。基因表达及相关性分析结果显示，钦州港养殖区香港牡蛎的P5CS、GP和SREBP等基因的相对表达量高于大风江养殖区，而DYRK基因的组织表达结果则低于大风江养殖区，但组间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；P5CS、GP和SREBP这3个基因的表达量与常规营养成分和多种氨基酸的含量整体呈正相关关系，其中GP基因与能量、脂肪、胆固醇和维生素等指标呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；而DYRK基因的表达量与多种营养成分及14种氨基酸的含量呈负相关关系。综上所述，钦州湾两个育肥养殖海区香港牡蛎的营养成分和基因表达存在一定的差异，不同海区育肥后的香港牡蛎分别在营养价值和风味口感上各具特色，两个海域均可用于香港牡蛎的育肥养殖。

Abstract: In the present study, the nutrient composition of Crassostrea hongkongensis from two oyster fattening areas in Qinzhou Bay, Guangxi was evaluated. And then the metabolism-related gene expression in the mantle, adductor muscle and gill tissues of C. hongkongensis was analyzed, and the correlation between nutrient composition and gene expression was discussed. The results showed that the contents of cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc and some amino acids including phenylalanine, histidine, glutamic acid and alanine of C. hongkongensis in Qinzhou Port fattening area were significantly higher than those in Dafeng River fattening area (P<0.05). And the proportion of essential amino acids (35.51%) and the proportion of half-essential amino acids (10.51%) of C. hongkongensis in Qinzhou Port fattening area were also higher than those in Dafeng River fattening area (34.06%, 9.31%). Conversely, the contents of calcium, sodium, magnesium and the proportion of flavor development amino acids (41.33%) of C. hongkongensis in Dafeng River fattening area were better. Moreover, the gene expression of P5CS, GP and SREBP of C. hongkongensis in Qinzhou Port fattening area were higher than those in Dafeng River fattening area, while the gene expression of DYRK was lower, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The heat map of Spearman correlation showed that the gene expression of P5CS, GP and SREBP were positively correlated with the contents of multiple nutrient composition and amino acids, in which the gene expression of GP was significantly positively correlated with energy, fat, cholesterol and vitamins (P<0.01), but the gene expression of DYRK was negatively correlated with the contents of various nutrients and 14 amino acids. In conclusion, there were certain differences existed in the contents of nutrient composition and the metabolism-related gene expression of C. hongkongensis from two oyster fattening areas in Qinzhou Bay, which had own characteristics in nutritional value and flavor taste separately, and both oyster culture areas could be used for fattening and breeding of C. hongkongensis.