Abstract: Due to various influences in the process of origin, processing, storage and transportation, food products are complex and changeable. Therefore, it is challenging to analyze and determine the adulteration and traceability of food. The existing food adulteration traceability methods mainly focus on physical and chemical testing and molecular biology technology, and the accuracy of relevant identification needs to be improved. The combination of metabonomics technology based on ¹H NMR and multivariate statistical analysis can describe the overall characteristics of food and collect food origin and quality information. Recently, it has been widely used in the food field and has become a powerful tool for food adulteration and traceability analysis. Therefore, this paper describes the progress of ¹H NMR omics technology in the adulteration and traceability analysis of food. Based on the overview of the principle of ¹H NMR technology, the combination and application of ¹H NMR and chemometrics analysis are introduced, and the applications of adulteration and traceability in typical food products are summarized, providing theoretical reference for the research and application of ¹H NMR omics technology in food quality analysis.