槟榔加工副产物代料栽培对平菇子实体及物质转化的影响

包怡红; 贾雨彤; 赖章飞; 潘飞兵; 匡凤姣

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021090255

槟榔加工副产物代料栽培对平菇子实体及物质转化的影响

Effects of Areca Nut Processing By-product Substitute Cultivation on Fruiting Body and Material Transformation of Pleurotus ostreatus

摘要

摘要: 目的：本文旨在探讨以槟榔加工副产物为替代料栽培平菇，对平菇生长、子实体营养成分及物质转化的影响。方法：以平菇一号为供试菌种，以菌丝体长速、长势为指标研究了槟榔副产物培养料水分含量、粒径大小和替代料比例对菌丝体生长阶段的影响。研究了不同水分含量、粒径大小以及替代料含量代料栽培对平菇子实体发育的影响，以及槟榔加工副产物在平菇栽培过程中的多酚、黄酮、纤维素、半纤维素的物质转化规律。结果：以槟榔加工副产物为替代料栽培平菇时，平菇在不同配方培养料上均可正常生长。其中以槟榔核、槟榔蒂作为替代料，培养基质中最适水分含量分别为65%和70%，最适粒径大小为0.15~0.3 cm；出菇试验中，不同比例代料栽培的四种平菇子实体中，槟榔核50%替代组多酚、黄酮含量均为最高，分别达到51.05 mg/g和0.42 mg/g，与对照组相比提升了53.21%和133%。槟榔核30%替代组多糖含量最高，为42.01%，与对照组相比提升了77.10%。栽培后，槟榔蒂50%替代组培养料中黄酮含量下降幅度最大，为86.70%；槟榔核50%替代组多酚含量下降幅度最大，为46.99%。结论：本研究为槟榔加工副产物代料栽培平菇提供了理论依据，也为槟榔副产物的综合利用提供了新途径。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this paper was to explore the effects of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with areca nut processing by-products as alternative materials on the growth, fruiting body nutrients and substance transformation of Pleurotus ostreatus. Method: Taking Pleurotus ostreatus No.1 as the test strain and taking the mycelium growth rate and growth potential as the index, the effects of water content, particle size and proportion of substitute materials on mycelium growth stage of areca nut by-product culture material were studied. The effects of substitute cultivation under different conditions on the development of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body and the material transformation law of polyphenols, flavonoids, cellulose and hemicellulose of areca nut processing by-products in Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation were studied. Results: When Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated with areca nut processing by-products as alternative materials, Pleurotus ostreatus could grow normally on different culture materials. Using areca nut core and areca nut pedicle as substitutes, the optimum water content in the culture medium was 65% and 70% respectively, and the optimum particle size was 0.15~0.3 cm. In the mushroom production test, among the four Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated with different proportions, the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the 50% replacement group of areca nut core were the highest, reaching 51.05 mg/g and 0.42 mg/g respectively, which increased by 53.21% and 133% compared with the control group. The content of polysaccharide in areca nut core 30% substitution group was the highest, up to 42.01%, which was 77.10% higher than that in the control group. After cultivation, the content of flavonoids in the culture medium of areca nut pedicle decreased the most, which was 86.70%. The group with the largest decrease in polyphenol content was areca nut core 50% substitution group, which was 46.99%. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis for the areca nut processing by-products substitute cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, and also provides a new way for the comprehensive utilization of areca nut by-products.