食用槟榔废弃籽的活性成分提取及抗氧化、<i>α</i>-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性分析

张培月; 唐敏敏; 宋菲; 刘璨; 陈华

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021090023

食用槟榔废弃籽的活性成分提取及抗氧化、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性分析

Bioactive Composition, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Edible Areca catechu Waste Seed

摘要

摘要: 针对食用槟榔加工后槟榔籽被当作废弃物而基本无大规模利用的问题，本研究以食用槟榔加工后的废弃籽为研究对象，75%的乙醇溶液为提取溶剂，超声辅助提取，得到加工后槟榔籽75%乙醇提取物（processed seed extraction，PSE），测定其总多酚、总黄酮和原花青素含量。采用DPPH法、ABTS⁺法和Fe³⁺还原法3种测定方法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行评价。本文还研究了PSE对α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的抑制能力。结果表明，PSE含有丰富的多酚和黄酮等活性物质，其中，总多酚含量为（127.29±5.16）mg 没食子酸/g提取物、总黄酮含量为（421.84±13.82） mg 芦丁/g提取物，原花青素含量为（87.83±6.60） mg儿茶素/g提取物。PSE检测到44种黄酮类化合物，其中儿茶素相对含量高达77.27%。PSE具有一定的自由基清除力，清除DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值分别为（310.10±0.62）和（150.10±11.57） μg/mL。另外，PSE表现出较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力，其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的抑制能力（IC₅₀值为（90.10±1.89） μg/mL）显著（P<0.05）强于阳性对照阿卡波糖（IC₅₀值为（453.60±4.02） μg/mL）。因此，回收再利用食用槟榔加工后的槟榔籽非常有必要。

Abstract: In view of the problem that edible Areca catechu seeds treated as waste and cannot be massively used after processing, in this study, the waste seeds after edible Areca catechu processing (PAS) are used. 75% ethanol extract of PAS (processed seed extraction, PSE) was extracted assisted by ultrasonic with a 75% ethanol solution as the extraction solvent. The contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in the PSE were determined. Three methods (radical scavenging activities and Fe³⁺ reduction) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of PSE. Then the inhibitory of PSE on the activity of α-glucosidase was studied. The result showed that PSE was rich in polyphenols and flavonoid. The total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were (127.29±5.16) milligram gallic acid, (421.84±13.82) milligram rutin, and (87.83±6.60) milligram epicatechin in per gram of PSE, respectively. PSE contains 44 flavonoids were detected in PSE, in which the relative content of catechins was up to 77.27%. The IC₅₀ for scavenging DPPH free radical and ABTS⁺ free radical of PSE were (310.10±0.62) and (150.10±11.57) μg/mL, respectively. In addition, PSE had significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, and its ability to inhibit α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=(90.10±1.89) μg/mL) was significantly stronger (P<0.05) than acabosose as a positive control (IC₅₀=(453.60±4.02) μg/mL). Therefore, it is necessary to recycle the PAS.