黔产油茶籽油不同制取方法营养成分差异分析及品质评价

黄安香; 王忠伟; 杨守禄; 柏文恋; 邬能英; 张彦雄; 黄安平; 邓召勇

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021070115

黔产油茶籽油不同制取方法营养成分差异分析及品质评价

Difference Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Camellia oleifera Seed Oil Produced in Guizhou by Different Preparation Methods

摘要

摘要: 为明确浸提法和冷榨法对油茶籽油营养成分的影响。通过对油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成、微量养分及营养元素等进行分析测试，采用主成分因子分析法对油脂品质进行综合评价，研究油茶籽油冷榨法和浸提法两种制油方式对贵州5个主产区的油茶籽油的营养成分的影响。结果表明：压榨法和浸提法制取的油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成及其含量无显著差异(P>0.05)，油茶籽油的不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸约90%，以油酸含量79%～81%为最高，其次，亚油酸约为5%～8%。压榨法制油的微量养分角鲨烯和维生素E 5个主产区的平均含量较浸提法分别高12.56%和115.76%。不同产地油茶籽油的营养元素含量差异性较大(P<0.05)，元素含量表现为Ca>K>Na>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu>Se。压榨法制油Ca、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se等元素含量较浸提法高，其中，Ca、Fe、Zn分别高18.77%、461.66%、78.09%，Ni、Cu、Se在浸提法中未检出。而浸提法制油K、Na、Mg、Mn等含量较压榨法高，依次高66.75%、48.24%、79.16%、75.46%。品质评价结果表明册亨的本地红球老油茶和松桃的小果油茶综合得分分别为0.902和0.560，品质最好，其次，为黎平的本地老油茶和天柱湘林系列，玉屏的湘林210次之。此外，在仅考虑脂肪酸组成、维生素E、角鲨烯及元素等营养的情况下，压榨法所制油茶籽油品质高于浸提法。该研究丰富了油茶品质分析的基础理论，同时为贵州产油茶品质的科学评价提供新的方法和思路。

Abstract: In order to definite the effects of the extraction and cold pressing methods on the nutrition of Camellia oleifera oil. The fatty acid composition, micronutrient, nutrient elements of Camellia oleifera oil were analyzed, then the quality of oil was evaluated by principal component factor analysis to study the effect of cold pressing and extraction methods on the nutritional components of Camellia oleifera oil, which from five main producing were as of Guizhou province were studied in this paper. The results showed that fatty acid composition and content of Camellia oleiformis oil prepared by pressing and extraction method were not significantly different(P>0.05), the unsaturated fatty acids accounted for about 90% of the total fatty acids, and oleic acid was the highest, about 79%~81%, followed by linoleic acid, about 5%~8%. The average content of five main producing were as oil made by pressing method, its squalene and Vitamin E was higher about 12.56%, 115.76% than that of extraction method, respectively. There was a significant difference between different regions of Camellia oleifera oil content of nutrient elements(P<0.05), the contents of Ca>K>Na>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu>Se. The contents of Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se in the cold pressed oil were higher than extraction method oil, including content of Ca, Fe, Zn were higher 18.77%, 461.66%, 78.09% and Ni, Cu and Se were not detected in the extraction method. The extraction method was beneficial to obtain higher 66.75%, 48.24%, 79.16%, 75.46% contents of K, Na, Mg and Mn than cold pressing method, respectively. The results indicated that the local Hongqiu oleotea of Ceheng and Camellia meiocarpa of Songtao had the best quality of the combined scores were 0.902 and 0.560, respectively, followed by the local Camellia of Liping and Tianzhu Xianglin series, followed by Xianglin 210 Camellia of Yuping. Principal component factor analysis showed that the comprehensive score of pressing method was higher than extraction method that of when only the fatty acid composition, squalene, vitamin E and elements nutritions were considered. This study enriched the basic theory of quality analysis of Camellia oleifera and provided new methods and ideas for scientific evaluation of quality of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou.