Abstract: Plant polysaccharides, one of the main sources of polysaccharides, has many important pharmacological functions. This paper reviews the research progress of anti-inflammatory activity of plant polysaccharides in recent years, focusing on the anti-inflammatory mechanism from four perspectives: Antioxidant stress, regulating cytokine secretion, regulating neutrophils, improving intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal barrier. At the same time, this paper also analyzes the structure-activity relationship of anti-inflammatory activity of plant polysaccharides, such as average molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and glycosidic bond types, main chain and side chain, chemical modification and high-level structure, and summarizes the research progress of plant polysaccharide anti-inflammatory activity, which lays a foundation in theory for the further development and application of anti-inflammatory drugs and foods.