Abstract: Objective: To study the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: The rat model of type 2 diabetes was induced by high glucose and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, ginsenoside Rb1 high, medium and low dose groups (45, 30 and 15 mg/kg) and positive control group. During the experiment, the changes of body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were recorded; Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 8 weeks after administration. The serum insulin (INS), HOMA-IR, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in liver tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in serum and liver tissue were measured. Results: Compared with the model group, ginsenoside Rb1 group could reduce the fasting blood glucose, insulin level and insulin resistance index (P<0.05); The contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum were significantly decreased and the content of HDL-C was significantly increased in middle and high dose groups (P<0.01). The abnormal degree of liver index was significantly relieved, the content of ALT and AST decreased significantly, the level of MDA decreased effectively, and the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly. Proinflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively regulate the disorder of serum and lipid level, improve insulin resistance, enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, and reduce inflammation in 2-diabetic rats, with medium and high doses as the best.