Abstract: Using absolute ethanol as an inducer, a rat model of acute gastric mucosal injury was constructed, and the protective effects of Hericium erinaceus crude extract prepared in several different ways on the model of acute gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol were studied. Female SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12): Normal control group (NC), model control group (ETH), Hericium erinaceus fruit body polysaccharide intervention group(WEH1), Hericium erinaceus mycelium polysaccharide intervention group (WEH2), Hericium erinaceus water extract intervention group (WEH3), liquid fermentation water extract intervention group (WEH4) and bismuth potassium citrate granule drug group (YWZ). In each sample groups, the gavage dose (10 mL/kg) of the sample was adjusted according to the weight change, and the sample was given 167 mg/kg, bismuth potassium citrate granules (0.24 g/kg, containing 24.1 mg of bismuth) for continuous intragastric administration for 30 days. Then the normal control group and the model group were directly given distilled water, and 5 mL/kg of absolute ethanol was used to make the model. The degree of injury of gastric mucosal tissue slices, the level of inflammatory factors and the antioxidant capacity were compared. Finally the results showed that comparing with the model group, the experimental group had significantly reduced gastric mucosal bleeding, congestion, necrosis, and pathology, and the total pathological scores were significantly different (P<0.05), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and gastric tissue (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inflammatory factors levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05). So the tests showed that several Hericium erinaceus extracts had varying degrees of protection against gastric mucosal damage in rats induced by absolute ethanol, among of them, the Hericium erinaceus mycelium polysaccharide had the best protective effect, while its mechanism of action might be similar to that of anti- oxidation was related to anti-inflammatory effects. The research results could provide a research foundation for the development and promotion of functional products of different Hericium erinaceus extracts.