Abstract: Diabetes is a serious global health problem, and its incidence rate has been increasing in recent years. Many drugs have been proven effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, but most of them have toxic side effects. Therefore, the development of safe and effective hypoglycemic drugs have drawn increasingly more attention around the world. Hypoglycemic peptides has the hypoglycemic effect and has little side effects, and has the research value in the field of functional food and drugs, and has a broad application prospect. In this paper, the preparation, biological effect and structure-activity relationship of hypoglycemic peptides in recent years are reviewed, and the research prospect of hypoglycemic peptides is looked forward, in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of hypoglycemic peptides and the further processing of related products.