Abstract: With the development of science and technology and the depletion of land resources, marine resources have been paid more and more attention gradually. Caulerpa lentillifera has been paid attention with high protein and dietary fiber. Caulerpa lentillifera is rich in nutrient, contains a variety of active substances, and has a variety of biological functions, such as immune regulation, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, reducing blood sugar and blood lipids. It has a great potential medicinal value. In this paper, the latest studies on the components and functional characteristics of Caulerpa lentillifera are summarized, and it is found that the existing studies are mainly focus on nutrition, artificial culture and environmental application, but the exploration of the active components of Caulerpa lentillifera is not comprehensive. At present, scholars' research on phenols and flavonoids in Caulerpa lentillifera is only in the preliminary stage of content determination, and the extraction methods and active functions of polysaccharides and Caulerpin need to be further optimized and explored. In the future, in order to explore the drug potential of Caulerpa lentillifera, the active components of Caulerpa lentillifera should be deeply developed, the relationship between its structure and active function should be clarified, and its specific active function mechanism should be explored.