Abstract: In order to study the effect of temperature on the volatile flavor compounds of low-temperature pickled mustard roots, industrially produced −1~5 ℃ and 6~8 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots were employed as materials in the present study. Volatile flavor solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS), combined with relative odor activity value(ROAV) and principal component analysis(PCA). The results showed that the low-temperature pickled mustard roots volatile flavor compounds were mainly composed of alcohols, esters, alkenes and nitriles. By calculating ROAV value, 12 kinds of flavor substances with ROAV≥1 were obtained. Sec-butyl isothiocyanate, D-limonene, eucalyptol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, anethole, phenylpropionitrile were the more important flavor substances in −1~5 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots. However, D-limonene, eucalyptol, phenethyl alcohol, linalool, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylpropionitrile, nonanoic acid, anethole, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, 1-octene-3 alcohol contributed greater to the flavor of 6~8 ℃ low-temperature pickled mustard roots. PCA analysis of the 12 flavor substances indicated that phenethyl alcohol, eucalyptol, 1-octene-3 alcohol, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, and phenylpropionitrile were characteristic flavor substances. The present study would supply the theoretical supports for optimization of procedures for industrial production of low-temperature pickled mustard roots.