Abstract: Phytogenic polysaccharide, a kind of natural macromolecule, is wide spread occurrence in phytogenic cells and has many kinds of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, and etc. The structure of polysaccharide is a key factor affecting its biological activity. Due to the large molecular weight and complex structure of polysaccharide, the in-depth study of polysaccharide is limited. Therefore, this paper introduces the research methods of the primary structure, such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as advanced structural analysis methods such as atomic force microscopy, X ray diffraction and circular dichrois, and summarizes the construction of multidimensional fingerprint and molecular model of phytogenic polysaccharides, which provides a new idea for the study of polysaccharide structure and lays a foundation for the development and utilization of polysaccharides.