贵州不同品种芸豆营养品质差异分析

叶夕苗; 李俊; 毛堂芬; 马智黠; 徐娟; 陶靖; 宋磊; 卢扬

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2021010107

贵州不同品种芸豆营养品质差异分析

Analysis on the Difference of Nutritional Quality of Different Kidney Bean Varieties in Guizhou

摘要

摘要: 探究大白芸豆、红芸豆、黑花芸豆、红腰豆和中白芸豆主要营养成分含量差异，对其营养品质进行分析与评价。以5个芸豆品种为试验材料，测定芸豆的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、灰分、矿物质元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果表明：供试芸豆的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉和灰分含量品种间差异极显著（P<0.01），其含量分别为17.30~23.70、1.10~1.90、34.90~38.30、4.00~4.80 g/100 g。中白芸豆蛋白质和淀粉含量最高，分别为23.70、38.30 g/100 g；黑花芸豆K、Ca、Na和Mg含量最高，分别为1.99×10⁴、1.15×10³、33.40、1.79×10³ mg/kg，中白芸豆Fe和Zn含量最高，分别为77.10、41.80 mg/kg，中白芸豆Na含量最低，为25.40 mg/kg；氨基酸含量范围是0.08~3.75 g/100 g，中白芸豆必需氨基酸（EAA）、非必需氨基酸（NEAA）和总氨基酸（TAA）含量最高，分别为8.86、14.17、23.03 g/100 g；5种芸豆脂肪酸含量范围是0.0020~0.8913 g/100 g，含有16种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸有9种，单不饱和脂肪酸有3种，多不饱和脂肪酸有4种，其含量排序依次为多不饱和脂肪酸>饱和脂肪酸>单不饱和脂肪酸，大白芸豆脂肪酸含量最高，为2.02 g/100 g。中白芸豆多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比率（PS）最低，数值为4.14，红腰豆动脉粥硬化指数（AI）值最低，数值为0.005。综合多种营养成分含量分析，中白芸豆营养品质优于大白芸豆、红芸豆、黑花芸豆、红腰豆。

Abstract: This study was to explore the differences of the large white speckled kidney bean, red kidney bean, black speckled kidney bean, red reniform kidney bean and mid-white kidney beans in the main nutritional content, and to analyze and evaluate their nutritional quality differences. Five kidney bean varieties were used as test materials to determine the protein, fat, starch, ash, mineral elements, amino acid and fatty acid content of kidney beans. The results showed that: The protein, fat, starch and ash content of the tested kidney beans had significant differences among varieties. The protein, fat, starch and ash content were between 17.30~23.70, 1.10~1.90, 34.90~38.30, 4.00~4.80 g/100 g for five varieties of kidney bean, respectively. The mid-white kidney beans had the highest protein, starch, Fe and Zn content, which were 23.70, 38.30, 77.10 and 41.80 g/100 g, respectively. The black speckled kidney bean had the highest K, Ca, Na and Mg content, which were 1.99×10⁴, 1.15×10³, 33.40 and 1.79×10³ mg/kg, respectively. The mid-white kidney beans had the lowest Na content, which was 25.40 mg/kg. The content of amino acid in the kidney beans ranged from 0.08 to 3.75 g/100 g. The mid-white kidney beans had the highest essential amino acids (EAA) non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) content, which were 8.86, 14.17 and 23.03 g/100 g, respectively. The content of fatty acid in the five kidney beans ranged from 0.0020 to 0.8913 g/100 g. The kidney beans tested contained about 16 fatty acids, of which 9 were saturated fatty acids, 3 were monounsaturated fatty acids, and 4 were polyunsaturated fatty acids. The order of their content was polyunsaturated fatty acids>saturated fatty acids>monounsaturated fatty acids. The content of fatty acid in the large white kidney beans were highest, which was 2.02 g/100 g. The polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio (PS) of the mid-white kidney beans was lowest, the data was 4.14. The red reniform kidney beans had the lowest arteriosclerosis (AI), which was 0.005. Comprehensive analysis of the content of various nutrients, the mid-white kidney bean was better than the other four varieties.