Abstract: Peroxidase is widely distributed in nature. It uses hydrogen peroxide to catalyze the oxidation of various organic and inorganic compounds and has been applied in many fields. However, due to the fact that peroxidase is a kind of bio organic material, its purification is difficult and its stability is poor, which limits its application environment. As a kind of natural enzyme substitute with high efficiency, simplicity, stability and high performance, nano enzyme has been widely studied in various applications, which overcomes the practical limitations of natural enzyme in industry. Among them, nano cerium dioxide (CeO₂NPs) has become one of the hot spots in scientific research due to its peroxidase characteristics. In this paper, the research progress of Nano-CeO₂ mimetic peroxidase in food analysis, biomarker detection, medicine, optical sensing, bionics and so on are reviewed. It shows great potential in different research fields, and hopes to provide some reference for further research.