非林地长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌分离鉴定、遗传分析与评价

李雅琪; 郜玉钢; 臧埔; 李兆春

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020100004

非林地长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌分离鉴定、遗传分析与评价

Isolation, Identification, Genetic Analysis and Evaluation of Germinating Fungi of Gastrodia elata Bl. in Non-Forestland of Changbai Mountain

摘要

摘要: 目的：获得非林地长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌优良菌株。方法：萌发菌采用原生地叶片分离法和原球茎分离法分离；分离的萌发菌经菌落形态、显微观察与分子生物学鉴定，并进行遗传多样性分析；对鉴定的萌发菌，以其生长势、形态特征及对非林地长白山乌杆天麻种子萌发力为评价指标，筛选适宜非林地长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌优良菌株。结果：分离得到6株亲缘关系密切的长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌，菌株JFGL-01、JFGL-02、JFGL-03、JFGL-04、JFGL-05、JFGL-06与Mycena purpureofusca（紫褐小菇）菌株同源性分别为98.86%、99.54%、99%、98.84%、98.99%、99.09%；与Mycena citrinomarginata（黄缘小菇）菌株同源性分别为98%、98.53%、98.40%、98.50%、98.26%、97.83%，经系统发育树分析证明6个菌株均为Mycena purpureofusca（紫褐小菇）。其中JFGL-06菌丝洁白、种性退化慢、对非林地长白山乌杆天麻种子萌发力强（萌发原球茎个数达59个/100 cm²，重量达60.61 mg/个）。结论：在本实验分离鉴定的菌株中，JFGL-06为适宜非林地长白山乌杆天麻萌发菌优良菌株。

Abstract: Objective: To obtain a good germinating strain of Gastrodia elata Bl. in Changbai Mountain.Methods: The germinating fungi were isolated by single mycelium separation, leaf separation and protocorm separation.The traditional morphology and molecular biology were used to identify germinating fungi, and the genetic diversity of germinating fungi was analyzed.Through the evaluation of the growth, morphological characteristics and germinating power of the germinating fungi, good strains were screened to promote the germination of Gastrodia elata Bl. in non-forest land of changbai mountain seeds.Results: Six closely related strains of Gastrodia elata Bl. germinating fungi were isolated.The homology of strains JFGL-01, JFGL-02, JFGL-03, JFGL-04, JFGL-05, JFGL-06 with Mycena purpureofusca were 98.86%, 99.54%, 99.84%, 98.99%, 99.09%, respectively;and 98%, 98.53%, 98.40%, 98.50%, 98.26%, 97.83% with Mycena citrinomarginata, respectively.The phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were Mycena purpureofusca JFGL-06 's mycelia was white, dense, degenerated slowly, and strong in seed germination (The number of germinating protocorms was 59/100 cm², and the weight was 60.61 mg each). onclusion: JFGL-06 is a good germinating strain of Gastrodia elata Bl. in non-forest land of changbai mountain.