Abstract: In the experiment, a low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) was used to establish a diabetic rat model. After the modeling being successful, the mice were continuously administered arabinogalactan aqueous solution (100 mg/kg·d, 500 mg/kg·d), and the changes in rat body mass and blood sugar were determined. Also, the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in feces and the changes in bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, and the serum cytokine concentration changes by MSD multi-factor method were detected. The results showed that compared with the model group and the positive control group, the fasting blood glucose concentration of the arabinogalactan polysaccharide dose group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the IAP activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Besides, the LPS concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the concentration of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and growth-regulating oncogene α (KC/GRO) was significantly reduced in the intestine (P<0.05), while the concentration of the anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) increased significantly (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be proved that arabinogalactan can improve the activity of IAP, reduce the concentration of LPS, and regulate rat cytokines. Furthermore, arabinogalactan has a certain improvement effect on the immunity of type 2 diabetic rat model.