基于GC-MS与GC-IMS技术对四种柚皮精油挥发性风味物质的检测

谭艳; 王国庆; 吴锦铸; 陈赣; 周爱梅

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020090041

基于GC-MS与GC-IMS技术对四种柚皮精油挥发性风味物质的检测

Analysis of Volatile Flavour Components in Four Pomelo Peel Essential Oils Based on GC-MS and GC-IMS

摘要

摘要: 以广东省梅州蜜柚、沙田柚及江西省井冈蜜柚、福建省福鼎四季柚四种柚子为研究对象，通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）GC-MS和GC-IMS技术在四种柚皮精油共检测出56和58种不同挥发性成分，主要为萜烯类、醇类和醛类化合物。GC-MS结果表明，梅州蜜柚精油中特有挥发性成分为萜烯类、醇类和醛类；井岗蜜柚精油中特有挥发性成分为萜烯类、醇类和酯类；梅州沙田柚精油中特有挥发性成分为萜烯类；福鼎四季柚精油中则为萜烯类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类。GC-IMS结果表明，梅州蜜柚精油中主体挥发性成分为萜烯类、醇类和醛类；井岗蜜柚精油中主体挥发性成分主要为醇类、醛类和酯类；梅州沙田柚精油中主体挥发性成分为萜烯类；福鼎四季柚精油中主体挥发性成分为醇类、酯类、酮类和呋喃等。两种技术的分析结果存在一定差异，GC-MS检测出的大多是大分子（C₁₀~C₁₅）高含量挥发性组分，GC-IMS检测出的主要是小分子（C₂~C₁₁）低含量挥发性成分，两种技术相结合扩大了样品中挥发性组分的检测范围，且GC-IMS相较于GC-MS检测出的挥发性成分种类和数量更多。热图聚类和主成分分析可以很好区分四种柚皮精油样品，证明四种柚皮精油中的挥发性成分存在一定差异。两种技术结合能更全面直观地反映四种柚皮精油挥发性成分之间的差异，为不同品种、不同产地柚皮精油的加工利用进一步提供科学依据。

Abstract: The volatile components in the peel essential oils of Mi pomelo and Shatian pomelo from Meizhou city, Guangdong province , Mi pomelo from Jinggangshan city, Jiangxi province and Four season pomelo from Fuding city, Fujian province were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology. GC-MS and GC-IMS identified 56 and 58 volatile componentsin the four kinds of pomelo peel essential oil samples, mainly terpenes, followed by alcohols and aldehydes. The results of GC-MS indicated that the unique volatile components of Meizhou Mi pomelo was terpenes, alcohols and aldehydes; the unique volatile components of Jinggang Mi pomelo was terpenes, alcohols and esters; the unique volatile components of Meizhou shatian pomelo was terpenes and the Fuding Four season pomelo was terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters. GC-IMS indicated that the subjectival volatile components of Meizhou Mi pomelo was terpenes, alcohols and aldehydes, the subjectival volatile components of Jinggang Mi pomelo was alcohols, aldehydes and esters, the subjectival volatile components of Meizhou shatian pomelo was terpenes and the Fuding Four season pomelo was alcohols, ketones, esters and furan. The results of GC-MS and GC-IMS showed some differences. Most of the volatile components detected by GC-MS were larger molecules（C₁₀~C₁₅）at high contents, while most of the volatile components detected by GC-IMS were smaller molecules（C₂~C₁₁）at low contents, and the two technologies expanded the detection scope of the volatile components in the sample. The types and numbers of volatile components in the samples detected by GC-IMS were more than those by GC-MS. The principal component analysis and heat map clustering analysis could well distinguish four kinds of pomelo peel essential oil samples, which proved that they differed from each other to a certain extent in volatile components. The combination of GC-MS and GC-IMS could comprehensively and intuitively reflect the changes of volatile components in four kinds peel essential oil and provided scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of the peel essential oil.