Abstract: Polylactic acid(PLA)is a kind of polyester synthesized from plant resources, which can be used as packaging materials without any pollution to the environment. However, the poor heat resistance and brittleness of PLA restrict its practical application in the industry. It is an effective way to improve the performance of PLA film by compounding PLA film with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. This paper summarizes the preparation methods and characteristics of PLA film, introduces Ag, TiO₂, ZnO, SiO₂ nanoparticles and PLA composite films, and summarizes the effect of these nanoparticles on the performance of PLA film. The influence and mechanism of these nanoparticles on the properties of polylactide films are also mainly reviewed, finally the problems and future development of this kind of composite films are prospected.