Abstract: There are a large number and a wide variety of enteric microorganism in the human intestinal tract, gut microbiota plays an important role in many physiological processes in the human body. More recently, studies have shown that intestinal flora can regulate the development and behavior of the body’s brain through the brain-gut axis, thus playing a key role in the prevention and treatment of autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders and so on. In this article, the bidirectional regulation mechanism of the brain- intestine axis is described, the changes and possible mechanisms of the factors directly related to various mental disorders are summarized, and the recent domestic and foreign research progress on intestinal microbial changes in various mental diseases is further generalized, which provide a new idea and theoretical reference for the study of early probiotics intervention treatment for patients with mental diseases mentioned above.