Abstract: Selenium polysaccharides (SP) is the selenide product of polysaccharides. It has high medicinal and health value, possesses physiological activities of selenium and polysaccharides. SP has good application in anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, and etc. Due to its less species, less contents, complex structure, and unclear mechanism, there are not conducive to the research and application of SP. Therefore, researching efficient SP synthesis methods and the relationship between structure and activity have become a hot topic in recent years. This article focuses on three preparation methods of SP: Plant transformation method, chemical synthesis method and microbial transformation method. At the same time, the analysis methods of structural characteristics and biological activity of SP are summarized, in order to provide theoretical basis for development and application of SP.