柴达木地区不同果色枸杞果实营养成分比较分析

刘宏; 程金莲; 赵枝刚; 胡发霞; 马福林; 马占雄; 王兴权

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020050096

柴达木地区不同果色枸杞果实营养成分比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Ingredient of Goji Berries with Different Fruit Colors in Qaidam Area

摘要

摘要: 采用自然晾晒干果为参照，对柴达木盆地的红果枸杞、黑果枸杞、金果枸杞、黄果枸杞、白果枸杞和紫果枸杞中营养成分及活性成分进行测定，分析和研判了其利用价值，并运用主成分分析和聚类分析对其内在品质进行评价。结果表明：金果枸杞在总糖含量方面具有一定优势，其总糖含量高于其他5种枸杞。黄果枸杞总糖低于红果枸杞，但总黄酮最高，是红果枸杞的5倍，黑果枸杞的2倍，表现出低总糖、高黄酮的特点，黄果枸杞具有一定的开发价值。白果枸杞蛋白质含量最高，紫果枸杞脂肪含量最高，具有一定的营养价值。主成分分析选取了前3个主成分，累计方差贡献率为79.995%，综合得分值排前三的分别为红果枸杞、紫果枸杞和黑果枸杞，说明这三种枸杞综合品质较高。聚类分析将6种不同果色枸杞归为3类，第1类包括黑果枸杞和紫果枸杞，多糖、脂肪、花青素含量较高，第2类包括白果枸杞，蛋白质含量较高；第3类为金果、黄果和红果枸杞，总糖、总黄酮、甜菜碱含量较高，这些营养成分含量高的枸杞可在在今后的枸杞品种选育中作为特异材料。

Abstract: Taking dried fruits dried in the sun as a reference,the nutrient components and active components of Lycium barbarum,Lycium ruthenicum Murr.,golden Chinese wolfberry,yellow fruit wolfberry,white Chinese wolfberry and purple Chinese wolfberry found in the Qaidam Basin were determined. The utilization value of 6 species of Chinese wolfberry was analyzed and evaluated,and the intrinsic quality was evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that golden fruit wolfberry has a certain advantage in total sugar content,and its total sugar content is higher than other 5 kinds of wolfberry. The total sugar content of yellow fruit wolfberry is lower than that of Lycium barbarum,while the content of total flavonoids was 5 times that of Lycium barbarum and 2 times that of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. They show the characteristics of low total sugar and high flavonoids,so yellow Chinese wolfberry has a certain development value.White Chinese wolfberry has the highest protein content and purple Chinese wolfberry has the highest fat content,which has certain nutritional value. The principal component analysis selected the first three principal components,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.995%,and the top three comprehensive scores were red Chinese wolfberry,purple Chinese wolfberry and Lycium ruthenicum Murr.,indicating that these three types of wolfberry have higher comprehensive quality. The 6 different fruit colors of Chinese wolfberry were divided into 3 categories by cluster analysis classified method. The first category included Lycium ruthenicum Murr.and purple Chinese wolfberry with higher content of polysaccharides,fats,and anthocyanins,and the second category included white Chinese wolfberry has higher content of protein,the third category includedgolden fruit wolfberry,yellow fruit wolfberry,Lycium barbarum. The contents of total sugar,total flavonoids and betaine are relatively high. Chinese wolfberry with high nutrient content can be used as a special material in the future selection of wolfberry varieties.