天然低共熔溶剂对坛紫菜中重金属的去除效果及对其品质的影响

杨茜; 徐永强; 臧园园; 陈志刚

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2020030186

天然低共熔溶剂对坛紫菜中重金属的去除效果及对其品质的影响

Removal of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents on Heavy Metals in Porphyra haitanensis and Its Effects on Its Quality

摘要

摘要: 天然低共熔溶剂（natural deep eutectic solvents，NADESs）是一种绿色溶剂。本文制备了2类28种NADESs，旨在研究利用NADESs去除坛紫菜中Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Cu五种重金属，并对去除条件进行优化，同时探究去除过程中对坛紫菜品质的影响。结果表明，与对照纯水相比，NADESs对重金属的去除率均明显提高，Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Cu的去除率分别为17.40%~87.54%、57.54%~100.00%、9.80%~48.59%、21.32%~78.24%和11.68%~79.73%。NADESs去除坛紫菜中重金属的最佳条件是含水量（v/v）为10%，固液比为1：20。此外，添加20%（v/v）的天然表面活性剂阿拉伯胶（arabic gum，AG，浓度1%）可以进一步提高NADESs的重金属去除率。在重金属去除过程中，不同基质的NADESs会对坛紫菜品质造成不同的影响，与对照组水相比，坛紫菜中可溶性蛋白含量在经过洗脱后显著降低（P<0.01），多糖和脂肪无显著变化，NADESs不会对紫菜的感官品质产生影响，对质构的影响主要是弹性降低。由此，本研究首次建立了一种绿色有效地去除坛紫菜中重金属的方法，丰富了NADESs在食品中的应用，也为其它食品中重金属的去除提供了新思路。

Abstract: Natural deep eutectic solvents(NADESs)are green solvents. In this paper,28 kinds of NADESs of 2 types were prepared,and this manuscript aimed to study the removal of Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Cu from Porphyra haitanensis(P. haitanensis)by using NADESs and to optimize the removal conditions. At the same time,it explored the impact on the quality of P. haitanensis during removal. Results showed that the removals were significantly improved by NADESs compared with control where the removal rates of Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Cu were 17.40%~87.54%,57.54%~100.00%,9.80%~48.59%,21.32%~78.24% and 11.68%~79.73%,respectively. The optimal condition was 10% water content(v/v)and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20. In addition,the addition of 20%(v/v)natural surfactant arabic gum(AG,1%)could further increase the heavy metals removal rates of NADESs. During the removal of heavy metals,NADESs of different substrates had different effects on the quality of P. haitanensis. Compared with the control,the soluble protein content in P. haitanensis significantly decreased after elution(P<0.01),and there was no significant change in polysaccharides and fats. NADESs would not affect the sensory quality of P. haitanensis,and the main impact on the texture was the reduction of elasticity. Therefore,for the first time,a green and effective method for removing heavy metals from P. haitanensis was established in this study,which enriched the application of NADESs in food and provided new ideas for the removal of heavy metal in algae food.