基于低共熔溶剂法超声辅助蒸馏提取胡椒叶精油的工艺优化及其GC-MS分析
Optimization and GC-MS Analysis of Extracting Pepper Leaves Essential Oil by Ultrasonic Assisted Distillation Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
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摘要: 以胡椒叶为提取原料,探究低共熔溶剂对胡椒叶精油提取效果的影响。在单因素实验结果的基础上,以液料比、超声功率与蒸馏时间为影响因素,以精油得率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析。结果表明,氯化胆碱-尿素组成的低共熔溶剂提取效果最好,响应面优化的最佳提取工艺条件为液料比为14:1 mL/g、超声功率300 W、蒸馏时间53 min。在此条件下,胡椒叶精油得率为1.380%±0.018%,优于水蒸气蒸馏法和超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法,胡椒叶精油得率分别提升了14.33%、5.18%。通过GC-MS对胡椒叶精油进行分析,共鉴定出34种化合物,其主要成分为δ-榄香烯(19.75%)、α-荜澄茄油烯(9.17%)、石竹烯(8.97%)、α-古芸烯(6.12%)、β-榄香烯(5.13%)。结果表明,以氯化胆碱-尿素作为低共熔溶剂提取胡椒叶精油的方法是可行的。Abstract: The optimization of the essential oil extracted from pepper leaves by deep eutectic solvents was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology. Using a Box-Behnken design,a mathematical model was established to investigate the effects of solvent-solid ratio,ultrasonic power and extraction time on the yield of essential oil,respectively. The results showed that the most suitable deep eutectic solvent was choline chloride/urea. The optimum conditions of pepper leaves essential oil were as follows:The solvent-solid ratio was 14:1 mL/g,the ultrasonic power was 300 W,the extraction time was 53 min. Under the optimal conditions,the yield of essential oil of pepper leaves was 1.380%±0.018%,which was better than steam distillation and ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation. The yield of pepper essential oil increased by 14.33% and 5.18%,respectively. A total of 34 compounds were identified by GC-MS. The main components of essential oil were δ-elemene(19.75%),α-cubebene(9.17%),caryophyllene(8.97%),α-gurjunene(6.12%),β-eiemene(5.13%).The method for extracting pepper leaves essential oil by using choline chloride-urea as deep eutectic solvent is feasible.
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