抗性淀粉和聚葡萄糖对馒头品质的影响
Effect of Resistant Starch and Polydextrose on the Quality of Steamed Bread
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摘要: 本文将苹果酸淀粉酯抗性淀粉和聚葡萄糖以面粉质量的0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%替代面粉制作出馒头,并对比二者对于馒头品质的影响。测定了苹果酸淀粉酯中抗性淀粉的含量,并采用色差仪、质构仪和感官评价对样品馒头的比容、白度、质构及感官品质等进行分析。结果表明,苹果酸淀粉酯的抗性淀粉含量高达61.5%±2.3%;添加抗性淀粉后馒头的比容呈现逐渐下降的趋势,从2.74 mL/g下降至1.93 mL/g,而添加聚葡萄糖馒头的比容并无明显变化,只是在2.56~2.81 mL/g附近波动;添加抗性淀粉后馒头的白度逐渐降低,从76.99降低至72.34,当聚葡萄糖的含量从1%增加到9%时,馒头的白度逐渐增大,从69.83增加至72.93,但白度仍低于未添加聚葡萄糖的样品;添加抗性淀粉后馒头的硬度逐渐上升,从329.93 g增加至929.28 g,而添加聚葡萄糖馒头的硬度先上升至562.66 g,之后又下降至273.24 g,呈现先上升后下降的趋势;当抗性淀粉的添加量低于3%时,馒头的品质与纯面粉馒头以及添加3%含量的聚葡萄糖馒头相似,说明当抗性淀粉和聚葡萄糖的添加量低于3%时,更有利于改善馒头的品质。Abstract: In this paper,malate starch and polydextrose were used to replace flour with 0%,1%,3%,5%,7% and 9% contents to produce steamed bread and the steamed bread quality was compared. The resistant starch contents of malate starch was determined and the specific volume,whiteness,texture and sensory quality of the sample steamed bread were analyzed using color difference meter,texture analyzer and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the resistant starch content of malate starch was as high as 61.5%±2.3%. After adding resistant starch,the specific volume of steamed bread showed a gradual decrease trend,which was from 2.74 to 1.93 mL/g. The specific volume of steamed bread with polyglucose did not changed significantly which fluctuated around 2.56~2.81 mL/g. After adding resistant starch,the whiteness of steamed bread gradually decreased from 76.99 to 72.34. When the content of polydextrose increased from 1% to 9%,the whiteness of steamed bread gradually increased from 69.83 to 72.93,but the whiteness was still lower than the sample without polydextrose. After the addition of resistant starch,the hardness of the steamed bread gradually increased from 329.93 to 929.28 g. The hardness of the polyglucose-added steamed bread first increased to 562.66 g and then decreased to 273.24 g,which showed a trend of rising first and then falling. When the amount of resistant starch was less than 3%,the quality of steamed bread was similar to the pure flour steamed bread and the steamed bread with the same amount of polydextrose,indicating that less than 3% adding amount of resistant starch and polydextrose were more beneficial to improve the quality and nutritional characteristics of steamed bread.