Abstract: To evaluate the efficiency of edible fungi cultivation by oilseed rape straw,four kinds of common edible fungi were cultivated by using only oilseed rape straw,oilseed rape straw and cottonseed hull with the proportion of 4:6 (w/w)and only cottonseed hull,respectively. The fresh weight,growth cycle,polysaccharide content,glucuronic acid content,the molecular weight of crude polysaccharides of edible fungi were analyzed. Results showed that when the medium consists of oilseed rape straw and cottonseed hull with the proportion of 4:6,Lentinus edodes,Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia auricular had the highest fresh weight of 480.18,485.26,430.16 g,respectively,and their growth times were the shortest for 24.64,19.73,18.64 days. These results indicated that the proper utilization of oilseed rape straw could help to improve the yield of the three kinds of edible fungi,meanwhile,compared with the cultivation using only cottonseed hull,the polysaccharide contents of Lentinus edodes,Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia auricular were significantly increased 11.09%,24.86% and 14.26%(P<0.05),respectively,and their glucuronic acid were also improved,especially there was significantly difference in the variety of Lentinus edodes(P<0.05),and the crude polysaccharide contents were not obvious difference on the molecular weight. These results indicated that the proper utilization of oilseed rape straw could also help to improve the active ingredients of three kinds of edible fungi. Whereas,when Flammulina velutipes were cultivated by using oilseed rape straw,its yield and contents of the active ingredients were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Therefore,oilseed rape straw has an important application value in part of common edible fungus cultivation.