Abstract: The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize microcapsules for the efficient protection of Lactobacillus plantarum,and to discuss the compound encapsulation method and multi-layer encapsulation method. Lactobacillus plantarum was implanted with various wall materials such as soy protein isolate,whey protein isolate and sodium alginate,and microcapsules were prepared by multilayer encapsulation of gelatin as the outer wall material for 240 min in vitro digestive tract experiments. The results showed that the encapsulation rates of microcapsules prepared by compounding and multi-layer embedding were over 95.14%,the survival rate of antifreeze-dried was over 93.25%,and the particle size was less than 2.00 mm. The survival rate of multi-layered Lactobacillus plantarum in the in vitro digestive test was above 84.41%,and the gelatin-soy protein isolate multi-microcapsule had the best effect,the survival rate reached 85.73% in vitro gastrointestinal test,and the outer layer was smooth and the structure was compact. The combination of multi-layer and multi-layer encapsulation could effectively improve the survival rate of Lactobacillus plantarum,which laid a foundation for the efficient use of probiotics.