Abstract: Objective:To explore the anti-fatigue and sleep rhythm improvement effects of Oplopanax elatus Nakai root and rhizome extracts. Methods:Mice were randomly divided into blank control group,low dose group(125 mg/kg),middle dose group(250 mg/kg),high dose group(500 mg/kg)for 15 days in exhaustive swimming experiment. The levels of urea nitrogen(BUN)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum and the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and adenosine triphosphate(ATPase)in liver tissue were measured. At the same time,Drosophila melanogaster was observed and the sleeping time and sleep-wakefulness rhythm were taken as the indicators respectively. The intervention effect of the extract of Oplopanax elatus Nakai on Drosophila melanogaster sleep was investigated by Drosophila activity monitoring system(DAMS).Results:Oplopanax elatus Nakai.could extend the weight-bearing swimming time of mice,the extension rates of high,medium and low dose groups were 126.16%,102.44% and 62.32% respectively. And also the activity of GSH-Px,LDH and ATPase in free swimming mice increased,and BUN levels reduced. The results of the experiment on the effect of Drosophila sleep rhythm showed that Oplopanax elatus Nakai.could increase the sleep time of male Drosophila and reduce the number of autonomous activities in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time,the impact on sleep of females was manifested as reducing the number of spontaneous activities,shortening the activity time of the day,shortening the fragmented sleep,increasing the night's sleep time,and obviously shifting the sleep phase angle. Conclusion:Oplopanax elatus Nakai. can dramatically enhance the sleep time of Drosophila and improve sleep rhythm,and it can extend the exhaustive swimming time of mice,improve their exercise endurance,reduce the accumulation of free radicals,accelerate the elimination of metabolites in the body,improve sleep and exertanti-fatigue effects.