Abstract: Objective:To investigate the hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of hawthorn combined with sterol ester and functional red yeast rice. Six-week-old SPF male hamsters(body weight 100±10 g)were randomly divided into normal group(N),control group(C),hawthorn group(A),hawthorn compound with low-dose sterol ester group(B),hawthorn compound with high-dose sterol ester group(D),hawthorn compound with sterol ester and low-dose functional red yeast rice group(E),hawthorn compound with sterol este and high-dose functional red yeast rice group(F). Each group was given different feeds during the experiment. The hamsters were weighted and measured blood lipid from inner canthus every 2 weeks. After 8 weeks,blood lipid indexes were measured including TC,TG and HDL-c. Calculate organ indexes,lipid weight indexs,non-HDL-c and AI. Observing pathological sections of livers and aortas. The expression of cholesterol metabolism genes were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results:Compared with the high-fat model group,the group F had lower body weight,liver index,lipid indexes(TC,TG,non-HDL-c)and AI(P<0.01). HDL-c increased significantly(P<0.05). The content of cholic acid in feces increased significantly(P<0.01). Among the relative expression levels of genes,CYP7A1 increased significantly(P<0.05),LXRα,PPARα and FXR increased significantly(P<0.01),LIMA1 and NPC1L1 decreased significantly(P<0.05),and HMG-CoA-R and SREBP2 decreased significantly(P<0.01). Conclusion:Group F has the best effect of hypolipidemic. This group can effectively prevent hyperlipidemia caused by long-term high-fat diet by increasing cholesterol emissions,reducing cholesterol absorption and reducing cholesterol self-synthesis.