Abstract: With the continuous excavation of intestinal microbial structure and function,studies found that intestinal microbes participate in many physiological processes related to human diet,and diet plays an important role in regulating the composition and metabolic activities of human intestinal microbes. Dietary nutrients contain the substrate required for metabolism of the intestinal flora,affecting the composition and function of the intestinal flora in some ways. In this paper,effects of dietary components on the composition and metabolism of intestinal flora in recent years are reviewed. Targets were to improve the metabolism and health of the host by targeting the intestinal flora and regulating human food diversity. The purpose is to provide some ideas and references for the study of intestinal flora and its dietary regulation.