Abstract: Nowadays, food allergy is regarded as a global food safety issue and has been attracted wide attention. It was found that the identification and avoidance of food allergens were still the most effective method to control the food allergy. Thus the food allergen detection technology has important practical significance. In this paper, the new development and application of food allergen detection technology based on the protein and DNA were presented with the related current detection technologies. Meanwhile, the development bottleneck and future prospect of food allergen detection technology were also discussed through the relevant research data across the entire world. The present review was to provide essential supports for food allergy control and ensure the health of consumers.