Abstract: Human milk is considered the ideal food and the main source of nutrients for newborns,which is rich in nutrients and bioactive ingredients,such as protein,fat,carbohydrates,minerals,vitamins and secreted immunoglobulin,taurine and so on. The content and proportion of each component is appropriate,which is conducive to the early growth and development of infants and their subsequent healthy growth. It also has the effect of promoting the development of the infant's intestinal,nervous and immune systems. The main nutrients and their physiological functions of human milk was summarized in the article,compared with bovine milk,which was to provide a basis for infant feeding management,and theoretical guidance for the design of milk-based infant formula. It would have great significance to the production of infant formulas.