Abstract: This paper studied the antibacterial mechanism of pepper monoterpenoids against Listeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes). Through the analysis of L. monocytogenes differential protein,respiratory chain complexes and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase)indicators,according to homology modeling and molecular docking technology to explore its target. The addition of pepper monoterpenoids significantly inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes(p<0.05),while Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase,Ca²⁺-ATPase,and respiratory chain complex I~V activity were significantly lower than those of the control group(p<0.05). The complex V was significantly down-regulated at the protein level. Pepper monoterpenoids could change the permeability of L. monocytogenes cell membrane,inhibit the activity of ATPase and respiratory chain complexes,and reduce the synthesis of ATP,which leads to the decline of bacteria. This provides a theoretical basis for the application of pepper monoterpenoids in food preservation.