Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to study the bacterial degradation of corn straw in Suihua area of Heilongjiang province. Using the Illumina MiSeq microbial diversity sequencing method was used to sequence the microbial diversity of corn straw from 2015 to 2017,and bioinformatics methods to main degrading bacteria in the bacterial community of straw biodegraded at low temperature were analyzed. And screened the two most abundant cellulose-degrading bacteria in corn straw from 2015 to 2017.The functions of cellulose degradation at low temperature were verified by multiple separation and purification and combined with Congo red staining.The results showed that,the sequencing obtained 61564385 bp,and 141219 16S rDNA sequences after quality control. There were 14 phylum,29 class,70 order,136 family and 282 genus with the Silva database.Among them,Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,Devosia,Flavobacterium,Microbacterium,Streptomyces and were the main bacterial strains for the degradation of straw. That was to say,the diversity of bacterial flora of corn straw in this area was abundant,and the two strains of bacteria screened by the study had the ability of cellulose degradation.